生命悲剧的审美救赎——论尼采的审美人生观

The Aesthetic Redemption of Tragic Life——On Nietzsche's Aesthetic Philosophy of Life

尼采的美学思想都是围绕"为人生而艺术"这一要义而阐发的,这也是尼采面对生命的悲剧性而开出的良方。他认识到生存是充满苦难的,但并未由此而否定生命的意义,悲观厌世。而是肯定人生的悲剧性不可改变,主张笑对悲剧性的命运,用艺术来拯救人生,用审美的眼光来看待人生通过艺术的审美观来提升人的生命强力克服人生的悲剧性。他褒扬希腊悲剧艺术,歌颂酒神精神,发现了潜藏在悲剧艺术中的人的强大生命力量和克服人生悲剧性的希望。并用悲剧艺术解读人生,诠释生命,把人引入神圣的艺术审美境界,使个体生命与本体生命融为一体,在艺术审美中体味真实的生命感并获得了与世界本体融合的最高欢乐。

In brief words, all of Nietzsche＇s aesthetic thoughts are elaborated on the basis of the essential point that being artistic is aiming for natural life; otherwise, that esthetic thought is also an effeetive prescription for the tragic life. Nietzsche realizes that existence is full of suffering but it does not mean that human should negate the meaning of life or put a negative attitude towards life. Contrarily, he expands that the life tragedy can not be changed, so human ought to smile to the tragic destiny, rescue life with the art and set the view of aesthetics to promote the human＇s strong vitality of life and overcome the life tragedy. Nietzsche compliments the art of tragedy in Greece, pays a tribute to the Dionysian spirit and discovers the strong life strength hidden in the tragedy art and the hope of overcoming the life tragedy. Nietzsche uses the spirit of tragedy to understand human experience and explain life. He places human existence into a lofty realm of aesthetics so that individual life and essence life merge into an integral whole. Not only is the way of aesthetic life possible, but it provides human beings in reality with value orientation for existence.