花生收获前黄曲霉污染调查

The investigation of the groundnut contaminated by Aspergillus flavus before harvest

于１９９７年夏季在花生收获前，采集了福建省花生主产区的漳浦、同安、晋江、惠安、福清等县（市）的田间花生果荚样品。从这些样品中分离了１７３个黄曲霉菌株，并测定其产毒性，产毒菌株率为６２．４％，其中高毒菌株率为４．６％。各主产市、县的花生籽粒在收获前均受到黄曲霉不同程度的感染，田间平均感染率为６．１％，惠安、晋江两县（市）较重，田间感染率分别为８．６％和８．５％。花生田土壤中的黄曲霉菌量为１００～２２００个／ｇ。不同品种和不同耕作制度的花生黄曲霉感染率有所差异。

Before harvest,the field samples of groundnut were collected from Zhangpu、Tongan、Jinjiang、Huian and Fuqing county,where are the main groundnut producing zone in Fujian province.The strains of Aspergillus flavus were isolated from these samples,and their aflatoxin production were determinated.The percentage of the toxigenic strains was 62 4%, and 4 6% of them were the high toxigenic strains.The peanut seeds from the tested county were infected by A.flavus before harvest,the average percentage of field infection was 6 1%,and Huian and Jinjiang counties were more serious,the infection percentage was 8 6% and 8 5% respectively.The content of A.flavus in the pod zone soil was 100-2200 propagules per gram soil.There were differences in seed infection by A.flavus with the peanut genotypes and the peanut cropping systems.