创意城市经营战略之研究——以欧洲三城市为例

RESEARCH ON CREATIVE CITY ADMINISTRATION STRATEGIES——As Illustrated by Three European Cities

21世纪是知识经济的世纪,不论在全球商业竞争市场亦或是区域、城市间的竞赛,高度的知识发展将成为致胜的关键因素。城市是人类知识、创造力、创新荟萃的空间场域,然并非每一个城市都能成为创意城市;本文除了探讨知识经济对城市发展的影响,同时从城市历史与理论的观点,回顾创意城市的发展概念,分析创意城市的潜在要素包括:聚集性(Concentration)、多样性(Diversity)、不稳定性(In-stability)以及正面的声誉(Positive Reputation),并检视欧洲三个城市政策发展经验。研究显示:欧洲地方政府将城市政策作为发展地区知识经济的重要支撑。而地方政府决策者应扮演为城市在知识经济中作准备的角色,地方政府应致力于增加城市创造力浮现的机会,并提供城市适当且完善的基层架构条件。

The 21 st century＇s economy is one of knowledge-based economy. The knowledge economy requires ＂creative cities＂. In the highly developed countries, knowledge has become a crucial factor in business and competition, between regions and cities. Greater investments will have to be made in the knowledge-based economy if we want to maintain current welfare levels. The knowledge development, in fact, underlies new products, services and processes （innovations） that end up constituting the engine of economic progress. No matter how global businesses or city regions compete with each other, highly-developed knowledge will be the key factor for success. Cities are the concentration places of human knowledge, creativeness and innovation, but not every city could become the creative city. Knowledge-based economy cities still hold the future. History tells us that cities are the places where knowledge, creativity and innovation reach full maturity, but not every city has unquestionably good prospects in the knowledge economy. In the end the cities to win the inter-city knowledge race are the ＂creative cities＂, which not only possess sufficient concentration, diversity and instability, but also project a matching image based on innovation and modernity. For the rest, the success of cities in the knowledge economy remains a question of human effort and happenstance. This does not mean that cities can simply rely on fate and adopt a passive attitude. In the current inter-city compet- itive race, it will be exactly the creative powers that a city needs to bring into play. This article analyses in particular what knowledge economy means for cities and explores what effect knowledge economy has on city development. It shows that cities are the places where knowledge, creativity and innovation flourish.