黄土高原旱作区新农村建设关键技术分析

THE ANALYSES OF KEY TECHNOLOGY OF NEW COUNTRYSIDE CONSTRUCTION ON DRY-FARMING LANDS IN LOESS PLATEAU

黄土高原旱作区是关系国家生态安全、经济发展、"三农"问题的重要区域。围绕黄土高原旱作区新农村建设已积累了广泛的科研成果,但由于缺乏系统性的整合与示范推广,导致收效有限。针对此问题,文章提出了黄土高原旱作区新农村建设的3类关键技术体系:以优化水资源配置为核心的现代集水农业与农业主导产业技术体系,以类型化为核心的新农村绿色生态社区规划建设技术体系,以及以循环农业模式为核心的农村环境综合治理与可再生能源利用技术体系,并逐一进行了分析。

The dry-farming lands in loess plateau is closely related to the ecological security, economic development and ＂issue of agriculture, rural areas and peasants＂ in China. A wide range of scientific research achievements are accumulated about the new countryside construction in the dry-farming lands in loess plateau, but have little effect because of unsystematic integration and promotion. To resolve the problem, the article proposes three key technology systems. 1） The technology system of modern rainwater harvesting agriculture and agricultural leading industries based on optimizing water resources. Optimizing water resources allocation is the core issue in dry-farming technology. One is modern rainwater harvesting agrotechnique, while another is the agriculture-leading industrial technology including the apple-planting, and facility agriculture. The aims of the technology system are to maximize the improvement of the efficiency of resource use in agriculture. 2） The technology system of rural eco-green community planning and construction based on analyzing various type of rural areas. The dry-farming lands in loess plateau has complex and diverse topography and highly dispersed rural settlements, which including three typical rural commtmities-hill-gully, small watershed-kawamichi and dry plateau area. Based on analyzing the characteristics and common problems of three categories rural communities, different types of ecological community planning and construction suitability models are put forward. 3） The system of rural environment management and renewable energy use based on circular agriculture pattern. Based on farmers＇ land resources using, powered by solar and linked to high-efficient biogas digester, the mode will form a complete set of favorable cycle system.