中国主要城市旅游效率的区域差异与空间格局

REGIONAL DIFFERENCE AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF THE TOURISM EFFICIENCY IN CHINESE PRIMARY TOURIST CITIES

追求更高的资源利用效率是城市旅游发展的目标。利用数据包络分析方法,对2005年58个中国主要城市的旅游效率进行了评价。结果显示:东部地区城市的旅游效率水平明显高于中部、西部和东北地区;分解效率中,规模效率的差距较大,而技术效率和利用效率的差距则较小,高效率城市主要集中在大城市和沿海经济发达地区;规模效率是影响总效率的直接原因,而区域经济发展的不平衡性是导致不同城市资源投入水平差异,并最终导致规模效率空间差异和总效率空间差异的根本原因。文章最后讨论了提高不同地理空间上城市旅游效率的建议。

To achieve much higher tourism efficiency for the inputs and utilities of cities＇ resources is very important, which is a basic reference to analyze the tourism efficiency for confirming the future resources inputs scale. Taking 58 primary tourist cities as the study objects, adapting the statistical data from annals issued by related sectors and using Data Envelopment Analysis method in management science, the tourism efficiencies are measured and the spatial characteristics of their efficiencies are analyzed. The results show that the general efficiency level of these tourist cities is very low, only 5 tourist cities achieve efficient situation, which are Urumchi, Tai-yuan, Shang-hai, Shen-zhen and San-ya. In Eastern, Middle, Western and North-eastern parts, the overall efficiencies and their decompositions of these cities in different regions are compared, and the results show that most of the cities in eastern parts are with higher tourism efficiency than that in the cities in the middle and western regions. The medium value of the cities in the Eastern region is 0.48, followed by the Middle and Western regions of which the medium value is 0.42.The medium value of the cities in North-eastern region is the lowest, which is 0.32. As far as the tourist cities＇ decompositions （scale efficiency, technology efficiency and congestion efficiency） are considered, the gap of the scale efficiency is very big, but the gap between the technology and congestion efficiency is very small. When the spatial distribution of the efficiency is analyzed, the personal cities with high tourism efficiency （threshold is 0.7）, such as Shang-hai, Shen-zhen, San-ya, Zhu-hai, Bei-jing, Zhong-shan and Guang-zhou, are most located in the eastern region, where the economy is very developed. The cities with low tourism efficiency （threshold is 0.2）, such as Yan-tai, Xi-ning, Xia-men, Luo-yang, Zhan-jiang, Lian-yungang and Jiu-jiang, are most located in the western and middle regions, where the economy is not very developed. And this paper holds the opinion that the scale efficiency is the direct reason leading to the low overall efficiency.