鱼类越冬池底泥若干特性的研究

Some Characteristics of the Sediment in the Fish Overwintering Ponds

对进行生物增氧的鱼类越冬池底泥低温（４℃）状态下的研究表明：（１）底泥吸附性氨态氮含量平均为０．１９４ｍｇ／ｇ（烘干重，下同），有效磷平均为０．０３９４ｍｇ／ｇ，有机物平均为２５．７ｍｇ／ｇ；（２）间隙水中氨态氮（ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ）含量为５．３１～３８．４ｍｇ／Ｌ，平均１４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，占无机氮总量的９９．１％。活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ）含量为０．１１１～０．６３２ｍｇ／Ｌ，平均０．３０１ｍｇ／Ｌ；（３）在无扰动条件下ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ的释放速率为３２．０～８８．４ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ），平均５０．４ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ），ＰＯ４－Ｐ不释放或微量释放。在微流水条件下ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ和ＰＯ４－Ｐ的释放速率显著提高，其平均值依次为８４．４ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）和４．３１ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）；（４）越冬中期底泥耗氧率平均为４３４Ｏ２ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）。研究表明在补施磷肥的情况下，适量的底泥对鱼类在进行生物增氧的越冬池中安全越冬是有好处的。

Some characteristics of sediment in the fish overwintering ponds with biological oxygen supply were studied at low temperature (4℃). The result showed: 1) on average, NH + 4 N absorbed in sediment was 0.194 mg/g (dry weight, the following are the same), available phosphorus was 0.0394 mg/g, organic matter was 25.7 mg/g. 2) NH + 4 N in interstitial water was 5.31 ￣38.4 mg/L, averaging 14.0 mg/L and accounts for 99.1% of total inorganic nitrogen; active phosphate (PO 4 P) was 0.111￣0.632 mg/L, average 0.301 mg/L. 3) on static condittion, NH + 4 N releasing rate was 32.0￣ 88.4 mg/(m 2·d), average 50.4 mg/(m 2·d). PO 4 P was not released or released with a small amount. In a continuous flow system, NH + 4 N and PO 4 P releasing rates were increased significantly, and on average, reaching 84.4 mg/(m 2·d) and 4.31 mg/(m 2·d) respectively. 4) average sediment consumption rate of oxygen was 434 O 2 mg/(m 2·d) on middIe period of overwintering. Thus, suitable amount of sediments and addition of phosphorus to a pond are useful for fish to over winter safely by biological oxygen supply.