个性差异与学习优先——中国和德国大学生的实证性比较研究

Personality Difference and Learning Preference——An Empirical Comparative Study between German and Chinese Students

不确定性取向和确定性取向在教育心理学中被视为个性差异,它描述了人们在不可预知情况下应对策略的差异。不确定取向的人偏爱模糊的情况,在不清晰的情况下,其动机反而被强化,并尽可能获取关于自我及环境的新信息,以解决问题;而确定性取向的人则正相反,他们回避不清晰的情况,对可预测的情况具有积极性,并尽可能保持关于自我和环境的已有认知。社会的互动在教育学领域的反射,反映了人们对合作学习、竞争学习和个人学习的不同的个体优势和偏好。经过实证研究,中国和德国大学生在个性的不确定性取向和学习优先等方面,存在着较大的差异。

＂Uncertainty Orientation＂ and ＂Certainty Orientation＂（UO-CO） are both considered as personality difference in handling the situation of the ambiguity and obscurity. The UO tends to prefer ambiguous situation by unclear, uncertain situations, in which people would be strongly motivated to get new information about themselves and the environment. The CO tends to avoid unclear and ambiguous situations and people are able to be activated by predictable situations. And social interaction between co-operation and competition in pedagogy is designated as cooperative, competitive and individual learning. The differences under perspective of the UO-CO and the learning preferences between German and Chinese students have been discussed.