摘要
作为一个自治性质的政治单位,乡村共同体以习惯法为基础,通过村民会议及其代表自主地管理共同体的公共事务。受近代早期法国社会经济形势和王权扩张的影响,这一自治组织发生了变化。村民"委员会"取代中世纪带有"直接民主"性质的村民会议,成为共同体的主要决议机构。代表共同体居民利益,管理乡村事务的村官则日益成为中央政府的代表,乡村共同体最终被转化为正式的基层行政单位。
As an important subject in the study of local political history,village community and its autonomy,which is one of the main media for European peasant political practice,have attracted so much attention of scholars at home and abroad.This article will focus on the transformation of the village autonomy and its causes in early modern France.As an autonomous unit,the village community administered independently its public affairs in terms of customs through the village Assembly and its representatives.During the early modern period,however,the means of autonomy and its nature have changed because of the influence of the social and economic situation,as well as the expansion of royal power.The representative 'Council',instead of village assembly which to some extent was characterized by direct democracy,became the main decision-making institution regarding community affairs,and the village officials,who at first represented the interests of the village community,were gradually becoming the agents of the centralizing power.The village community was finally turned into an official grass-roots administrative unit.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第1期8-19,共12页
World History
基金
国家社科基金项目资助,批准号为09CSS006
