试论古代奥林匹克运动会中的城邦关系与城邦贵族--以公元前420年第90届奥运会为例

The Inter-polis Relationship and Aristocrats in the Ancient Olympic Games:A Case Study on the 90th Olympic Games

第90届古希腊奥林匹克赛会举办于公元前420年。其间发生了两件不同寻常的事件,一是斯巴达城邦被禁止参赛,二是雅典贵族阿尔基比阿德斯在赛场上大肆炫耀他个人的财富。本文通过对这两个事件及其背景的解读分析,将古代奥林匹克赛会与当时希腊的城邦社会背景结合起来,分别论述了赛会中的希腊城邦关系以及城邦贵族这两个层面的内容,证明古代奥林匹克赛会不仅在宗教和体育史范畴内具有意义,其中更蕴含着多方面的城邦社会因素,与古代希腊城邦的大背景密切相关。

The 90th ancient Olympic Games were held in 420 B.C.,during which two unusual events took place:the Spartans were suspended from participating and an Athenian aristocrat,Alcibiades,ostentatiously displayed his wealth.This paper,based upon these two incidents,and linking the ancient Olympic Games with ancient Greek society,discusses two issues related to the ancient Olympic Games:how the Games were affected by the inter-polis relationship and how the aristocrats made use of the Games.It concludes that in the background of the ancient Greek poleis,the ancient Olympic Games were not only of great significance to religious festivals and sports,but also contained a number of important social elements.