行为评价对3岁儿童掌控动机的影响

The Effect of Behavior Evaluation on Mastery Motivation in 3-Year-Old Children

运用情境实验法,考察了71名3岁儿童掌控动机的基本特点及行为评价对其影响。结果发现:3岁儿童:(1)对新奇玩具具有强烈的掌控动机;(2)丰富的视听反馈会更加激发其探索与操控;(3)当成人对其探索行为有积极评价时,儿童获得更多愉悦感;(4)掌控成败体验出现;(5)积极评价可增强掌控成功时的兴趣感,缓解失败后的不良情绪;(6)多数(94.42%)儿童愿意尝试挑战,并能坚持较长时间以期成功,但坚持性存在个体差异。

To examine the general characteristics of mastery motivation and the effect of behavior evaluation on it, 71 children were tested in situational experiments. The results are as follows： for 3-year- old children： （1） mastery motivation for newfangled toy was strong; （2） various visual and auditory feedback could motivate their more exploration and manipulation; （3） they showed more pleasure when evaluated positively on their exploration; （4） the emotional experience from success and failure was significantly different; （5） positive evaluation could increase their interest when succeeding, and decrease their negative emotion when failing; （6） most of the children （94.42%） wanted to try challenge and persist long time for completion, while individual differences existed.