3～5岁幼儿表情认知的发展研究

Researches into Cognitive Development of Expression in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

研究通过"命名复制"、"选择建构"和"自由绘画"三种任务,考察了"嘴""眼""眉"等情绪标签在幼儿情绪识别中的优势效应。结果表明:(1)幼儿识别高兴、悲伤和愤怒要早于惊讶,识别高兴的成绩最好,3～4岁是识别悲伤和惊讶的快速发展期;(2)幼儿识别情绪过程中并未出现典型的"嘴部优势"效应,不同情绪具有不同的代表性的情绪标签,识别高兴和惊讶时嘴部是优势区域,而识别悲伤和愤怒时眼睛和眉毛是优势区域;(3)不同顺序的任务差异显著,先前的情绪命名和复制、建构等任务会显著提高儿童的自由绘画成绩。

By means of three tasks which include nomination-copying, selection-construction and free drawing, the current study is intended to examine cognition of four basic emotions which include happiness, sadness, anger and surprise in children aged 3 to 5 years. The results are as follows： （ 1 ） children name correctly happiness, sadness, and anger earlier than surprise, their cognition on 4 basic emotions increases by age in general, though the developmental tendencies vary; the cognition on happiness is best of all while the age between 3 and 4 is the rapid development period for cognition on sadness and surprise; （2） Children can select the most representative emotional label according to different emotions and show no preference for mouth generally; （3） the main effect of tasks is significant, and they perform best in copying while worst in free drawing; （4） the previous hints or problem space limiting more possibly activate and enrich the acquired emotion symbol.