不同杂交技术对小麦×玉米产生单倍体的影响

Effect of Different Crossing Techniques on Haploid Production in Wheat × Maize Crosses

首次在小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体方法中应用改良垂直穗轴剪颖剪药授粉技术和不去雄授粉技术,并与常规去雄授粉技术进行比较。其结果:平均胚产生频率常规去雄授粉技术为29.9％,改良垂直穗轴剪颖剪药授粉技术为21.4％,不去雄授粉技术为17.2％。3种杂交技术之间植株产生频率十分接近,分别是81.0％、81.8％和78.9％。尽管统计分析表明3种杂交技术间胚产生频率存在着显著差异,但是改良垂直剪颖剪药技术工序少,操作简便,速度快,工效高,应是首先推荐使用的技术。4个小麦品种的胚产生频率在18.5％～29.1％间(平均22.6％),存在着显著差异。植株产生频率在74.4％～87.2％之间,平均为80.6％。

The modified crossing technique-cutting glume and anther simultaneously by perpendicular to the rachis and the technique of pollination without emasculation were used and compared with the routine crossing technique in wheat × maize crosses. The result showed that frequencies of embryo formation (mean) of conventional crossing technique were 29.9%, and 21. 4%、17.2% respectively for modified crossing technique and technique of pollination without emasculation. The frequencies of plantlet production were 81.0%, 81. 8% and 78. 9% respectively for the three techniques, and there were no visible difference among them. Although statistics analysis showed that there were significant difference on embryo formation among the three crossing techniques, the modified crossing technique with less process, easy to handle, high speed and high efficiency was firstly recommended to be used. There was significant difference on frequencies of embryo formation among the four wheat varieties which were ranged from 18. 5% to 29. 1% (mean 22. 6%). The frequencies of plantlet production were ranged from 74.4% to 87.2%, with average of 80.6%.