冬小麦不同粒型品种茎叶组织结构与籽粒形成关系的研究

Relationship between the Anatomical Structure and the Grain Formation of Winter Wheat Varieties with Different Grain Types

本研究观察了冬小麦不同粒型4个品种茎秆、旗叶结构以及籽粒的形成过程。结果发现:穗下节的机械组织、输导组织和同化组织随粒型不同而有显著差异,其中以大粒型兰考86-79维管组织最发达,而中大粒型豫麦25茎壁及其内同化组织最大;旗叶则随粒型增大其叶肉厚度增加,维管束数目增多及主脉结构发达。不同粒型品种灌浆强度的差异在籽粒进入灌浆盛期最为明显;而维管束数目、截面积与灌浆强度、粒长、粒重呈显著正相关。因此可将维管束数目、大小等参数作为小麦超高产栽培和品种选育的重要指标。

In this study several structure factors of four varieties with different grain types were observed. The results showed that: the mechanical tissue, the conducting tissue and assimilating tissue were significantly different in grain types. Among them big grain type Lankao 86-79 had the best developed vascular tissue, the middle-big grain type Yumai 25 had a thick wall stem and a strong assimilating tissue, the thickness of mesophyll, number of vein increased and the structure of main vein more developed in flag leaves as the kernel size increased. The dif ference of filling intensity for different varieties was maximum round about in middle filling peri od , and in this stage, significant or highly significant positive correlations were observed among thickness of mesophyll, vascular bundle number area and the filling intensity, grain length, grain width. Therefore, it may be concluded that the thickness of mesophyll, the vascular number area could be regraded as important indexes for high-yield wheat variety.