有效分蘖终止期控制措施对小麦群体质量影响的研究

Influences of Control Measures for End of Valid Tillering on Population Quality of Winter Wheat

研究表明,在总头数与预期穗数相等的有效分蘖终止期,采取深中耕与镇压相结合的控制措施,可使有效分蘖与无效分蘖间形成一个“断档”阶段,拉大有效生育与无效生育的距离,减少无效生产,提高有效蘖整齐度,促进根系发育,协调群体与个体的矛盾及地上部生长与地下部生长的矛盾,明显改善群体质量。这项措施提高了分蘖成穗率,增强了植株抗倒伏能力,降低了群体对个体的制约,干物质生产和源库关系更趋合理,产量和经济系数显著提高,是小麦高产、超高产综合配套技术的一项核心内容。

Using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)cultivars as the experiment material, the expected measures for productive tiller and population quality of winter wheat were deter mined. When the tiller numbers equal to the supposed ear numbers per hectare at the end of valid tillering, deep inter-cultivation and compact the soil interacted together can produce segragation effects between productive tillers and unproductive tillers. Other beneficial effects were also pro duced such as widening the growth period between the productive tillers and the unproductive tillers, lowering the unproductive growth, improving the development of root system, coordinat ing the relationship between the population and individual. The population quality was improved significantly. The control measures can increase the ear formation ratio, improve the resistance to lodging, lower the individual limitation produced by population. Dry matter production and rela tionship between source and sink become more reasonable. The yield and economic index were improved significantly. Control measures were the key comprehensive technical methods for get ting high or super-high yield in winter wheat.