小麦新品种陕354高产性状的研究

The Studies on Main Characteristics of New Winter Wheat Variety Shaan 354

本文通过分析密度试验和高产示范试验的结果,得出以下结论:陕354小麦新品种具有9000kg/hm^2以上的产量潜力;获得9000kg/hm^2以上产量较合适的产量结构为:亩穗数40万(600万/hm^2)、穗粒数40粒、千粒重40g;产量因素中,千粒重对产量的作用最大,穗粒数次之,要夺得高产必须发挥其大穗大粒的优势。其较合适群体动态是基本苗数120～180万/hm^2、冬前总茎数在750～900万/hm^2、最高总茎数1200～1350万/hm^2、有效穗数525～600万/hm^2;应着重把冬前群体控制在适宜范围内,增加冬前群体中大蘖的比例,减少无效分蘖数,提高成穗率,改善中、后期群体的通风透光条件,促进光合产物向籽粒中的转化和分配,达到“穗足、穗大、粒饱”。

The results of the density test and displaying test were showed that new winter wheat variety Shaan 354 has the yield potential to give more than 9000 kg grain per hectare and its high yield components are: 600×104/hm2 spikes, 40 kernels per spike, 1000 kernels weight is 40 g. Among the yield components, 1000 kernels weight is the most important element, the kernel numbers per spike is the second. For more grains, its advantage of numerous kernel num ber per spike and heavy 1000 kernels weight should be kept. The proper developments of popula tion (total stems) at different growing stage are:120~180×104/hm2 on essential seedlings, 750 ~900×104/hm2 before wintering stage, 1200~1350×104/hm2 on the largest total stems, 525 ~ 600×104/hm2 on spike numbers. Controling the total stems before wintering stage in the above range, increasing the older tiller radio of the population before wintering stage (especially the three-leaf-tiller), reducing the numbers of invalid tiller, getting a higher rate of valid tiller and improving the ventilating (transmitting) condition of population in the middle (later) growing stage are the pxiosities for high-yield cultivation of new winter wheat variety Shaan 354.