噪声接触人员听阈变化规律调查

A survey on changes of the threshold of hearing in noise-exposed workers

目的调查某钢铁企业接触生产性噪声危害的工人听阈值的变化规律。方法对某钢铁企业1628名噪声接触人员按从事噪声作业工龄、生产现场噪声强度以及工种类别,分别进行分析,并采用SPSS12.5软件进行语频听阈均值和高频听阈均值的分析比较。结果噪声作业工龄10年者出现高频听损、20年者出现语频听损,且工龄5年者高频听阈均值分别与工龄组10,15,20,25,30年比较,差异有统计学意义,工龄组5,10年者语频听阈均值分别与15,20,25,30年比较,差异有统计学意义;现场噪声强度>86dB(A)时,噪声接触人员出现高频听损,现场噪声强度>92dB(A)时,出现语频听损,低噪声组～86dB(A)、～92dB(A)组分别与高噪声组～97dB(A)、～103dB(A)比较,差异有统计学意义;非稳态噪声接触人员听力损伤程度高于其他岗位工种。结论随着噪声作业工龄增加和现场噪声强度升高,听阈值增大,且高频段听力损失比语频段听力损失约早10年左右,同时流动性岗位和接触非稳态噪声岗位的语频听阈均值比稳态噪声岗位的高5～10dB(A)左右。

Objective To survey the changes of threshold of hearing in workers occupationally exposed to noise in an iron and steel enterprise.Methods Hearing abilities were surveyed for 1 628 noise-exposed workers.The data were analyzed with years of service,noise intensity of working environment and types of work.Results Hearing damages of high frequency and language frequency often occurred in workers that had been working in noise-exposed environment for 10 years and 20 years respectively.There were significant differences in hearing damage of high frequency between workers with 5 years of the service and those with 10 to 30 years of the work experience.There were also significant differences in hearing damage of language frequency between workers with 5-10 years of the service and those with 15-30 years of the work experience.Hearing damages of high frequency and language frequency often occurred in workers exposed to noise above 86 dB（A）and 92 dB（A）,respectively.There were significant differences in hearing threshold between low-noise[noise below 92 dB（A）or 86 dB（A）]and high-noise exposure groups[noise above 97 dB（A）or 103 dB（A）].The hearing damages were worse in workers exposed to non-stationary noise than in those with other types of work.Conclusion The average hearing threshold increases with length of service and intensity of noise.The hearing damage of high frequency occurred 10 years earlier than that of language frequency.Hearing damage of language frequency was 5-10 dB（A）higher in workers exposed to non-stationary noise than in those exposed to stationary noise.