环境风险源及其分类方法研究

Environmental risk source and its classification

环境风险源的分类是进行环境风险源识别和监管的基础。已有的以人的安全为主要关注对象的重大危险源管理,对事故的潜在环境危害考虑欠缺,无法体现事故可能产生的环境风险影响。阐明环境风险源的基本概念,比较环境风险源与危险源的区别,针对环境风险源的特点,从环境受体、危害物质状态和风险传播方式3个方面提出了环境风险源的分类力法。实际应用中,环境风险源的分类需综合考虑当地环境管理需求、环境受体状况、主要危害物质类别等,选择合适的分类方法。

This paper has proposed a new classification method of the environmental hazard source on the basis of identifying such charac- teristic features. Therefore, the method proposed by us is based on the three essential constituent elements of the actual environment, that is, the receptor, the state of substance and transmission routes of the accidental hazards. According to the environmental receptor, the environmental hazard sources can be classified into those of water en- vironment, the atmospheric environment and the soil environment. Thus, as can be seen, the method we have proposed is different from the commonly adopted hazard source classification methods, which take human activities as the main concern, because those methods fail to reflect the impacts of the environmental pollution accidents and their potential impacts on the environment quality and safety. There- fore, in this study, environmental hazard source should be identified, clarified and classified in accordance with the actual difference be- tween the environmental risk source and the environmental hazard source. Our classification method is likely to be popular and wel- comed by the environmentalists and the environment protection agen- cies because it is favorable for them to monitor and protect the actual environment in terms of the environmental qualities of water, air and soil. In terms of the hazardous substances, the hazard sources can be classified into gaseous source, liquid source as well as solid source. Taking into comprehensive account different hazardous characteristics of the pollution sources, the present classification method helps to an- alyze and predict likely-to-be accidents and the impact of the potential accidents, as well as the should-be-taken preventive measures. To be exact, in terms of the hazard transmission likeliness of the accident, the sources can be classified into those that may cause atmospheric hazards and those that may lead to non-atmospheric ones. Therefore, the method proposed by us helps to identify the hazard sources and then to manage them. In actual implementation, serious consideration has to be taken into the demands of the local environmental manage- ment, the situation of environmental receptor, the main related haz- ardous substances and so on, so that available classification methods can be used in a comprehensive manner.