马王堆医书的解剖知识

The Anatomical Concept of Ma Wang Dui Archeological Artifacts

马王堆出土的医书，虽然多数不属于中医基础理论著作，多为临床、保健类著作。但从这些书籍的片段记载来看，不论是内在脏腑的解剖名词，还是外在体表的解剖标志，都已有相对明确的认识和固定的名称。尤其是体表解剖学名词相当丰富，解剖方位术语已臻完备，这为经脉循行路线的描述提供了方便。从相关记述来看，当时的人体解剖学姿势应与现今相差无几。

Amongst the archeological findings of Ma Wang Dui that concern the human anatomy, the first noted was a well-preserved female corpse, which demonstrated superb antiseptic techniques of the ancient Chinese. Also, 14 medical books were excavated and revealed a prototype of human visceral anatomy. The differentiation between small and large intestines was absent, and only the term of ＂intestine＂ was mentioned. The term of ＂triple energizers＂ was absent, too. However, contexts of surface anatomy were already abundant. Analyzing the terms of relative position, the anatomical position portrayed by the Ma Wang Dui medical texts is very similar to that of modern medicine.