从抽象理性批判到资本批判——马克思对黑格尔现代性诊断的批判与超越

From Abstract Reason Critique to Capital Critique——On Marx’s Criticism and Transcendence of Hegelian Diagnosis of Modernity

抽象理性批判与抽象存在（资本）批判分别代表了黑格尔与马克思现代性诊断的核心逻辑。黑格尔借助理性国家克服现代性的内在分裂,以历史的终结为代价完成了对现代性的理性救赎,与此不同,马克思在批判抽象理性的同时,还进一步揭露抽象理性的现实历史根基——资本,为现代性的未来构建了一幅共产主义图景,开启了现代性批判话语的资本批判维度。在现代性视野中思考马克思对黑格尔哲学的批判性继承与内在超越,不仅为理解马克思与黑格尔的关系提供了一个全新的反思语境,而且为诠释马克思哲学的现代性意蕴提供了一个崭新的理论平台。

reason critique and existence （capital） critique respectively represents core logic of modernity diagnosis of Hegel and Marx. Hegel overcame inherent division of modernity by rational state and finished rational salvation at the price of end of history. On contrast, Marx criticized abstract reason and revealed that the capital was the historical foundation of abstract reason, he also constructed the communist schema and created one capital critique＇s dimension of modernity＇s critical discourse. Marx critically inherited and internally transcended the Hegelianism in the view of modernity. Study on this topic will provide not only a new reflection context for understanding the relations between Hegel and Marx, but also a new theoretical platform for explaining Modernity implications of Marxian philosophy.