对空间目标成像的伴随小卫星系统设计

Design of Companion Microsat for Observing the Space Target

对空间目标(神舟七号飞船)动态成像的伴随卫星系统的有关技术条件和参数进行了分析和设计。设计双焦距光学系统适应大纵深范围成像,利用偏置动量稳定减小释放后初始姿态扰动度,配合章动特点扩大观测视场,采用姿态导引律实现对观测目标的姿态指向跟踪,并给出满足清晰观测的相机参数设计。该卫星系统设计成功应用于神舟七号载人飞行任务,并成功完成了首次对飞船在轨运行的全景照相观测,在轨试验结果表明伴星系统各项技术条件和参数的设计是合理的,可以很好的完成对目标的清晰成像。

This paper describes the companion satellite used for dynamically observing space target （SZ-7 spaceship）, analyses and designs relevant technologies and parameters. A bifocal lens system is designed for observation in variant distance. Initial attitude stability is assured by bias momentmn, with FOV enlarged by nutation. Space target-tracking is realized by guidance law. Camera parameters are designed for clear observation. The designed companion satellite has been successfully flight in Shenzhou-7 manned space mission, and for the first time obtained full image of the in-orbit spaceship. The flight datum verifies the design and parameters of the companion satellite for clear observation of space target.