城乡二元结构下最低生活保障制度的经济学分析

The Economic Analysis of Minimum Living Standard Security System under the Urban-rural Dual Structure

由于城乡二元经济结构的长期存在,我国的最低生活保障体系呈现城乡发展失衡的现象。本文从需求和供给层面展开经济学分析,指出我国农村贫困人口的保障需求较为强烈,但目前最低生活保障的制度供给存在区域差异显著、农村投入不足等问题。因此,在完善城市低保制度的同时,应重点关注农村低保的发展,加大财政投入力度,保障农村贫困居民的基本生活,同时大力构建梯度式低保体系。

The urban-rural dual economic structure is unbalancing the minimum living standard security system in China. Based on the economic analysis from the angles of demand and supply, the paper implies the strong demand for the social security of the poor in rural areas. However, the institutional supply of minimum living standard security in different areas varies wildly and there is lack of investment on minimum living standard security in rural areas. Therefore, with the perfection of urban minimum living standard security system, we should emphasize the development of rural minimum living standard security system, increase fiscal expenditure on the living standard security of the poor in rural areas and make great efforts to establish ladder-shaped minimum living standard security system.