塑料大棚黄瓜节水灌溉的研究

Study on Irrigation with Saving Water for Growing Cucumber in Plastic House

本试验通过滴灌、微喷灌、多孔管喷灌和沟灌等四种灌水方式,得出滴灌、微喷灌和多孔管喷灌均较沟灌有明显的节水效果,节水率可达50％以上;除沟灌外,其它灌水方式棚内空气相对湿度均较低,这对缩短夜间结露时间和减轻或防止黄瓜的病害有一定的积极作用。多孔管喷灌管件连接方便,不易堵塞,成本低,是目前塑料大棚黄瓜栽培较理想的灌水方式。 春茬黄瓜在土壤水势达330或450mmHg的产量最高,此时土壤实际含水量为22.8％,相当于田间持水量的80.3％,以上指标可作为本地区塑料大棚黄瓜灌水开始点的标准。

Four methods of irrigation, trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation, porous pipe sprinkling irrigation and furrow irrigation were tes ted. It was found that all with trickle irrigation, portable sprinkling irrigation and porous pipe sprinkling irrigation have remarkabler effect on water saving than furrow irrigation. They were saving water over 50 per cent. These methods of irrigation except the furrow irrigation all made lower relative humidity in plastic house, which may shorten the time of dewing at night, and may reduce or prevent from the diseases of cucumber. The advantages of porous pipe sprinkling irrigation include the easy connection of the pipe equipment, the rarely stop of the hole of spray pipe and the lower cost. It is a relative method of irrigation for growing cucumber in plastic house at present. The bigest yield of spring cucumber was produced at the pressure of soilmoisture to 330 or 450mm Hg. In this case the moisture content of soil is to 22.8 per cent , and equal 80.3 per cent of field capacity. The parameters mentioned before may be used as a guide in determining when irrigation is necessary for growing cucumber in plastic in the region of Changchun, Jilin Province.