PCR技术在产前诊断胎儿非整倍体的应用

The Application of PCR in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Aneuploidy

大多数染色体异常为21,13,18号染色体及性染色体的非整倍体异常,血清筛查结果为高风险及年龄35岁以上的妊娠妇女均需进行产前诊断。而产前诊断染色体异常的传统方法是核型分析,染色体核型分析结果一般需要2～3周。随着分子生物学的飞速发展,聚合酶链反应技术不断应用于染色体非整倍体的产前诊断,这些新技术敏感性高、特异性强、操作简便、实验周期短,适合于非整倍体的产前诊断。

The chromosomal abnormalities are usually 21,13,18 chromosomes and the sex chromosome aneuploids.The results of serum screening is that the high-risk and the age over 35 pregnant women are required for prenatal diagnosis.Traditional karyotyping is considered the gold standard for invasive prenatal diagnosis,but the results take 2-3 weeks.With the rapid development of molecular biology,polymerase chain reaction used in aneuploidy of prenatal diagnosis.Polymerase chain reaction is high sensitivity and specificity,simple operation,short cycle test,is suitable for the detection of fetal aneuploidy.