现代自动变速箱用的润滑油

Lubricants for Modern Automatic Transmissions

用于轿车和商业车辆的ＺＦ自动变速箱要求高性能的润滑油，这种润滑油只好由变速箱厂和润滑油生产者紧密合作才能开发出来。ＺＦ各种润滑油的技术条件中必须说明各润滑油的特性。为经济性和环保的原因，必须对轿车用的新型ＺＦ多速比自动变速箱提供全程润滑法。滑差可调扭矩变矩器已成所有新型变速箱的标准部件。由于湿式起动离合器和电子可控换档的发展结果对润滑油产生了一些新的要求。未来的自动变速箱的润滑液必须以其摩擦特性来说明它的改进程度。动力变速箱滑差可调离合器的性能应该是最佳的。现代润滑油还要求改进其耐温和抗腐蚀的稳定性。此外，润滑油对燃油经济性较过去必须有更大的影响。轿车用无级自动变速箱目前仍采用ＡＴＦ油，为达到全程润滑法，在不久的将来对这种变速和将开发一种特殊的润滑油，用于商业车辆的自动变速箱。有利倾向是较长的换油间隔，再进一步延长时间的目的是达到全程润滑。

ZF automatic transmissions for cars and commerical vehicles call for high performance lubricants which can only be developed if there is close collaboration between transmission and lubricant manufacturers. The ZF List of Lubricants specifies the properties each lubricant is required to demonstrate. All new multi ratio automatic transmissions for cars developed by ZF are supplied with lifetime lubrication for economic and ecological reasons. The slip controlled torque converter is becoming a standard component of all new transmissions. New requirements on lubricants can also arise as a result of the development of wet starting clutches and from the electronically controlled shifting. Future ATFs (automatic transmission fluids) must therefore demonstrate improvements in terms of their friction properties. The power transmission capability of slip controlled clutches has to be optimized. Improvements are also required of the temperature resistant and corrosion inhibiting stability of modern lubricants. Furthermore, the lubricant must make a more substantial contribution to fuel economy than it did in the past. Continuously variable automatic transmissions for cars are now operated using conventional ATF. To achieve lifetime lubrication, a special fluid will be devloped for this type of transmission in the medium term future. In the case of automatic transmissions for commercial vehicles, the trend favors even longer oil change intervals. Here again, the long term aim is to achieve lifetime lubrication.