中国制造业的垂直专业化与出口增长

Vertical Specialization and Export Growth of Chinese Manufacturing

基于Hummels et al．（2001）的分析框架，本文利用OECD（2009）提供的投入产出数据库，测算了中国制造业的垂直专业化水平，估计了中国制造业出口增长的来源，并与31个其他经济体进行了比较。测算结果表明：（1）中国制造业的垂直专业化水平较低，但增长迅速，从1995年的0．151上升到2005年的0．261，增长了72．39％，高于绝大多数国家和地区；（2）中国高技术制造业的垂直专业化水平从1995年的0．177，提高到2005年的0．411，增长了131．5％，几乎高于所有其他国家和地区。对制造业出口增长来源的估计发现：（1）中国制造业出口增长的28．85％来自国外增加值的贡献，高于所有的发展中国家，但比大多数发达国家低；（2）中国高技术制造业出口增长的41．2％来自国外增加值的贡献，高于所有发展中国家，超过或接近多数发达国家。

Based on the framework developed by Hummels etal. （2001）, this paper estimates the level of vertical specialization and the source of export growth of Chinese manufacture sector. It also compares China with 31 economies using the input-output database provided by OECD （2009）. Regarding the vertical specialization, we find that （1） the level of vertical specialization of Chinese manufacturing is lower than most other countries or regions, but it rises from 0. 151 in 1995 to 0. 261 in 2005-a growth of 72.39%, which is faster than most other countries or regions; （2） the level of vertical specialization of Chinese high-technology manufacturing rises from 0. 177 in 1995 to 0. 411 in 2005-a growth of 131.5%, which is faster than almost all other countries or regions. Regarding the source of export growth, we find that （1） the contribution of value-added from abroad to export growth of Chinese manufacturing accounts for about 28.85 %, which is higher than all other developing countries, but lower than most developed countries; （2） the contribution of value-added from abroad to export growth of Chinese high-technology manufacturing accounts for about 41.2%, which is higher than all the developing countries, and higher than most developed countries.