纳米材料毒性和安全性研究进展

Development of Study on the Toxicity and Safety of Nanomaterials

纳米材料的毒性效应研究是纳米技术的一门重要学科,主要研究纳米物质和生物体及环境的相互作用,着重研究纳米物质的物理化学特性等与生物学毒性效应之间的关系。分析了纳米材料毒性研究的特点及产生的背景,以及纳米材料的暴露途径和对生物体及环境的潜在威胁;探讨了纳米材料产生毒性效应的几种可能机制;介绍了国内外几种典型的纳米材料毒性研究情况;展望了今后研究中需重点解决的问题,如加强分子水平上纳米材料毒性效应的研究、构建预测纳米材料潜在影响的理论模型等。

Nanotoxieology is emerging as an important subdiscipline of nanotechnology, it refers to the study of the interactions between nanostructures and biological systems with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship of the physical and chemical properties of nanostructures with induction of toxic biological responses. In this paper, the characteristic and background of safety studying of nanomaterials, and the exposure routes of the nanomaterials and their adverse affects to the organism and environment are analyzed. The international and domestic studies on a several type of nanomaterials are summarized. The probable mechanisms for the toxicities are discussed. The problems needed to research preeedently for the safety of nanomaterials in the future（the study of toxicity effect for nanomaterials on mo- lecular level ） are reviewed.