苔藓植物对鞍山市环境污染生物指示的研究

Bio indication of bryophytes to environmental pollution in Anshan city.

采用野外生态学调查和实验分析相结合的方法，对鞍山市内和市郊所选的５个样点苔藓植物的种类、分布及各样点大气净度指数值（ＩＡＰ）和苔藓体内Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、全Ｓ等污染物的含量及其与环境污染的关系进行了综合研究和分析．结果表明，严重污染区，包括样点鞍钢，苔藓植物少于５种，ＩＡＰ值＜５，苔藓体内污染物的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１１２～１４９）、Ｚｎ（４０１～４７７）、Ｃｕ（３５．８～３８．５）、Ｃｄ（２．４５～３．５３）、Ｓ（２２００～３１００）；污染区，包括样点立山公园和二一九公园，苔藓植物种数１５～３０，ＩＡＰ值５～２５，污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（３１．２～４４．６）、Ｚｎ（１２０～１９９）、Ｃｕ（９．４０～１７．６）、Ｃｄ（１．０２～２．４２）、Ｓ（１４００～２６００）；相对清洁区，包括样点烈士陵园和千山，苔藓种数多于４０种，ＩＡＰ值＞３０，污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１５．４～２５．６）、Ｚｎ（８４．３～１３５）、Ｃｕ（５．２４～１１．５）、Ｃｄ（０．６４～１．９９）、Ｓ（８００～２１００）．

By means of ecological survey and laboratory analysis, a comprehensive study on species number, distribution, index of atmospheric purity (IAP), content of Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd, total S pollutants in bryophytes, and their relationships with environmental pollution at five monitoring sites of Anshan city were carried out. In the seriously polluted region, including Anshan Steel & Iron Company, the species number of bryophytes was less than five; the IAP value was smaller than five; the pollutant content (mg·kg -1 ) in bryophytes was as follows: Pb(112～149),Zn(401～477), Cu(35.8～38.5), Cd(2.45～3.53), S(2200～3100). In the polluted region, including Lishan Park and Eryijiu Park, the species number of bryophytes ranged from 15 to 30; IAP value ranged from 5 to 25; the pollutant content was as follows: Pb(31.2～44.6), Zn(120～199), Cu(9.40～17.6), Cd(1.02～2.42), S(1400～2600). In the basically unpolluted region, including Lieshi Lingyuan and Qianshan, the species number of bryophytes was more than 40; IAP value was larger than 30; the pollutant content was as follows: Pb( 15.4 ～25.6), Zn(84.3～135), Cu(5.24～11.5), Cd(0.64～1.99), S(800～2100).