中国西部蚤类的转移和扩散及其对鼠疫流行的影响

Transfer and spread of fleas and relating effects on plague epidemic in west China

蚤类是温血动物的体外寄生虫，又是鼠疫的特异性媒介。蚤类在宿主动物种群内的转移或交换，是保存鼠疫自然疫源性动物疾病流行的一个重要环节。主要宿主或多宿主疫源地与次要宿主和偶然宿主之间蚤类的转移或交换，不仅对动物间鼠疫的流行起到推波助澜的作用，而且对鼠疫自然疫源地的性质和鼠疫菌的长期保存亦起到补充和巩固的作用。为防制人间鼠疫的发生，除不接触病、死疫源动物外，尤应禁止剥食自毙草食动物（羊、马鹿、狍、兔等）及食肉动物（狐、艾鼬、虎鼬、猞猁等）。一旦发生人间鼠疫，应就地扑灭。在处理疫区（点）时，必须同时灭鼠灭蚤，以防止疫蚤的转移和扩散，达到控制疫源蔓延，进而避免发生人间鼠疫的目的。

Flea, known as a vector of plague, is an eetozoa of warm-blood animals. The transfer or exchange of flea among the hosts has played an important role in the natural plague epidemic. Furthermore, the transfer or exchange of flea between the primary and potential hosts not only has effects on natural plague epidemic,but also plays a supplementary and consolidating role in nature location and preservation of plague. To prevent the plague epidemic, we should keep away from the sick or dead animals, such as some herbivores （sheep, red deer, roe, rabbit, etc. ） and predators （fox, ferretai, tiger ferret, lynx, etc. ）. In the event of an epidemic, we should focus on the location, eliminate rodents and fleas to avoid further spread of plague by infected fleas.