基于改变物体表面电荷面密度的避雷原理及实验

Lightning Theory and Experiment Based on Changing the Object Surface Charge Density

阐述了一种基于改变物体表面电荷面密度来降低雷击危险性的避雷原理，指出了降低雷击危险性的关键是降低物体表面的电场强度，使其不能达到击穿空气的临界值。通过麦克斯韦方程组来描述云地闪瞬间的状态，从场的角度，推出物体表面的面电荷密度和物体表面的电场强度是可等价表征物体被雷击的危险性，从而把降低物体表面的电场强度转换为降低物体表面的闪电感应面电荷密度；然后构建云地闪电容模型，找到通过构建表面电容来降低表面的闪电感应面电荷密度的方法；最后通过2组实验来验证了该理论的可行性。

This paper describes a lightning principle based on changing charge density on the surface of objects to reduce the lightning danger, and points out the key point of reducing the risk of lightning is to lower the electric field strength of the surface of objects, making it unable to meet the threshold of breakdown air; and describes the instant status of cloud-ground lightning through Maxwell＇s equations, from the perspective of the field, deduces that the surface charge density of the surface and surface electric field strength of the surface are equivalent to typify the danger of being stuck by lightning, thus converts the reduction of surface electric field strength to the reduction of lightning sensor surface charge density of surface; then builts a cloud-ground lightning capacitance model to find the method of reducing lightning sensor surface charge density of the surface by constructing surface capacity; finally verifies the the feasibility of method by adoption of two groups experiments.