上博简《武王践阼》集释(上)

Annotation of the Bamboo Book Preserved in Shanghai Museum (Section 1)

在最新公布的《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书(七)》中,有一篇简帛文献(甲乙两本)与传世本《大戴礼记.武王践阼》内容基本相同,这是礼学文献见于战国楚简的又一案例。综汇兼采已发表的40多篇考释文章,可以形成一个较好的简文集释本。传世礼书与出土简帛的行对证研究表明:第一,至少在战国时期,周武王的铭物自戒就已是一个公认的儒家故事;第二,战国竹简的甲本和乙本,与唐代孔疏所引之郑注本、唐代传世本进行校勘,有助于厘清《大戴礼记》文本流传过程中的一些问题,但要判定这几种文本的优劣,目前尚为时过早。第三,上博七《武王践阼》篇与此前公布的上博二《民之父母》(《孔子闲居》)篇,原来可能是合编为一卷的,但在传世礼书中却分别收编到《大戴礼记》和《小戴礼记》之中。这证明,汉代二戴在选编《礼记》时,对这些古书进行了重新整理,或"分类去重",或"增广扩充",才形成后世所见的两种《礼记》汇编。汉人对战国礼书的"增广扩充"现象,尤其值得注意。

In the Chu Bamboo Book of War State presented in Shanghai Musem, recently exhibited to the public, a document printed on bamboo （including Volume A and Volume B） recorded more or less the same content as in the book ＂Da Dai Li Ji.Wu Wang Jian Zuo＂ . This is a new case of Li document printed on the bamboo book. Combing this document with 40 other published documents, a collection and annotation of documents on bamboo can be compiled. The research on the hereditary books of Li and the unearthed bamboo documents reveal three facts： first the Confucianism story of King Zou Wu who inscribed mottos on objects to warn himself was universal acknowledged; second, the collation of volumes A and B of the Bamboo book in the War State, of the bamboo book annotated by Zheng and quoted by Kongshu in the Tang Dynasty, the hereditary helped to clear up the problems arose in the process when the book ＂ Da Dai Li Ji＂ passed down to the next generations; third, the book ＂Wu Wang Jian Zuo＂ exhibited in Shanghai Museum can be integrated with ＂Parents of People＂ and ＂The Casual Residence of Confucius＂ , but it was compiled into ＂Da Dai Li Ji＂ and ＂Xiao Dai Li Ji＂ , which demonstrated that the two scholars surnamed Dai in the Han Dynasty had selected some documents from Li Ji and also supplement documents so that today we have two versions of Li Ji. Attention should be paid to the supplemented version.