近期我国种植业机械化发展的特点和作用

THE SPECIFITY DEVELOPMENT AND ROLE OF PLANTATION MECHANIZATION RECENTLY IN CHINA

近期我国农业机械化继续发展,农业机械总动力8年增长了80％,农业机械总动力仍然是在劳力畜力同时增长的情况下增长的,而且增长速度比劳力畜力高。这说明农业机械化的作用主要不是替代劳力畜力而是促进农业生产和农村经济发展,是在于提高土地利用率和多种经营。 近期种植业机械化受农村经营体制改革的影响,机耕、机播等主要作业量长期下降,1988年才超过历史水平。机械化作业的增长率均低于农机动力的增长率,这说明机械利用率尤待提高。随着增产农艺新技术的发展,一批新的田间机械化作业得到推广,这些新项目都有明显的增产减耗的作用,少部分还能省工、节约劳力。 农业机械化的发展不同地区有明显差异,经济发达的东部地区农机总动力及大中拖拉机增长快。经济基础较差的西部地区小拖拉机增长快。中部地区机耕化程度增长较快,尤其北方黄淮流域,增长更快。

Agricultural mechanization has continued to develop in China. Mechanical power used in rural area increased by 80% in the last eight years, while the amount of labor and working animals increased also. The rate of increase of mechanical power is more than that of labor and working animals. It shows that the role of the agricultural mechanization is not to instead out the labor and the working animals, but to strengthen labor's ability to develop agricultural production and rural economy, to raise the land productivity and to develop a diversilied economy.Under the influence of the rural reform, the area of mechanical tillage, planting, etc. had decreased for along time until 1988. The rate of increase of the mechanical work was less than that of the mechanical power. Along with the development of new productive technologies, a lot of new field mechanization items have been popularised. All these items play a distinct role in increasing agricultural production and economizing consumption. Few of the items save manworks and labor.