常州市2007年麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles before and after Measles Vaccine Supplement Immunization Activities in Changzhou Municipal in 2007

目的分析常州市2007年麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)强化免疫(Supplementary Immunization Activity,SIA)前后麻疹流行病学特征,探讨控制麻疹措施。方法对常州市麻疹发病及采取的预防控制措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果2007年11月常州市开展MV SIA后,2008年麻疹报告发病率为24.13/10万,较2007年上升91.66%;在常州市所辖的7个区(市)中,除金坛、溧阳市外,其余5个区麻疹报告发病率较2007年均有上升;5～9岁麻疹发病率稍有下降,其他年龄组人群麻疹发病率较2007年均有上升;<1岁儿童麻疹发病率为216.92/10万,20～30岁人群为发病的另一小高峰。2007、2008年8月龄～14岁儿童麻疹病例分别占总病例数的53.47%、54.38%,其有MV免疫史的比例分别为7.37%、4.18%。2008年常住和流动人口麻疹病例数均高于2007年,其中流动人口麻疹病例占68.05%。结论2007年MV SIA质量和MV常规免疫首针及时接种率均不高,是麻疹高发的主要原因。做好高质量的MV常规免疫和MV SIA,提高易感人群MV免疫覆盖率,加强麻疹病例和流动人口的预防接种管理,是控制麻疹的有效手段。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after measles attenuated live vaccine （MV） supplementary immunization activities （SIAs） in Changzhou municipal in 2007-2008 and approach measures of measles elimination. Methods Analyze measles epidemiology and control measures with descriptive epidemiology. Results After SIAs in Nov.2007, the reported measles incidence was 24.13/100000, and increased by 91.60% in 2008 than in 2007, except Jintan and Liyang town, the others were higher in 2008 than in 2007. The reported measles incidence of 5-9 years old was lower in 2008 than in 2007. However, the reported measles incidence of other age groups was higher. One incidence peak reached 216.92/100000 was found in 〈 1 year old group and another peak appeared at aged 20-30 years old group. The proportions of measles cases of 8 moths-14 years old in 2007 and 2008 were 53.47% and 54.38%. 7.37% and 4.18% of them received MV respectively. The reported cases in 2008 increased and 68.05% of them were floating population. Conclusions Low coverage of MVwas the main cause of high measles incidence. It indicated that a timely and strengthened routine vaccination, a high quality SIA, and well organized floating population management and surveillance are essential strategies to eliminate measles.