秋水仙素诱导茴香多倍体的研究

Polyploidy of Foeniculum vulgare induced by colchicine

目的探讨不同秋水仙素浓度和不同处理时间诱导茴香多倍体的效果。方法采用种子浸泡法以不同秋水仙素浓度、不同处理时间诱导下的种子的萌发率和诱变率、胚根诱变体的外部形态、染色体数量、内部组织构造以及精油量和成分进行了比较。结果诱导液质量浓度为0.13%,处理时间为24 h时的诱导效果最好;诱导后的突变体胚根与对照相比,表现粗大、染色体数目明显增加、胚根的内部细胞数量明显增多、4种主要精油成分中除莳萝芹菜脑略低于对照外,柠檬酸、反式-茴香脑和莰烯3种成分均显著提高。结论秋水仙素诱导的突变体可以较大幅度地提高茴香主要精油成分的量,为茴香高精油量多倍体新品种的培育提供了依据。

Objective To explore the induced effects of colchieine in different concentration and times on Foeniculum vulgare polyploidy. Methods Seed germination rate and mutation rate, morphology of radicle induced mutants, chromosome number, tissue structure, and content and component of essential oil, which induced by colchieine in different concentiation and times were investigaled using the method of soaking seeds. Results The results showed that 0.13% of colchicine concentration and 24 h inducing time had the best induction on F. vulgare polyploidy. Compared to the control, the radicle of mutant was thicker, the chromosome number increased clearly, and the cell number in radicle manifolded distinctly. Among the four main components of essential oil, the contents of Dill apiol in anamorphosis radicle was a little lower than that of the control, but the contents of limonene, （E）-anethole, and camphene in anamorphosis radicle were all remarkably higher than that of the control after induced by colehicine. Conclusion The content of main essential oil components in fennel mutant induced by colchicine is remarkably enhanced. The study provides the theoretical basis for the breeding of F. vulgare new varieties of high oil content.