腐熟粕的化学成分及对烟苗的生物效应

Chemical Components of Decomposed Rapeseed Meal and Their Physiological Effects on Flue-Curved Tobacco Seedlings

试验利用自主研制的菜籽粕腐熟剂腐熟菜饼,比较了腐熟前后的化学成分,并研究了它们对烟苗的生理效应.结果表明,未腐熟的菜籽粕的主要成分为残油、蛋白质、植酸、单宁、硫甙.由于单宁和硫甙具有抑制植物生长的作用,蛋白质和植酸中的氮磷养分不能直接被植物吸收利用,这可能是菜籽粕肥效迟缓的重要原因之一.但菜籽粕腐熟之后,上述物质基本分解,消除了植物生长的抑制作用,提高了养分的生物有效性.在培养液中,添加腐熟菜籽粕提取物显著促进根系生长,提高根/冠比,以及烟苗氮、磷、钾养含量和吸收量,叶片的叶绿素含量平均增加了21.78%,烟苗生物量提高了51.2%～84.6%,

A self-made fermentation agent was used to decompose rapeseed meal, and the chemical components of the fermented and the unfermented meals were compared. The extract of the fermented rapeseed meal was added into the Hoagland culture solution to study its physiological effects on flue-curved tobacco seedlings. The unfermented rapeseed meal was found to contain residue oil, protein, phytic acid, tannin and sulfuric glucoside, which may be an important reason for the slow fertilizer effect of rapeseed meal, as tannin and glueosinolate inhibit plant growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus in protein and phytic acid cannot be directly absorbed by the plant. During the process of fermentation, however, most of the chemical components described above were decomposed, whereby eliminating their harmful effect and increasing the bioavailability of the nutrients. The extract of fermented meal added into the culture solution significantly promoted the root growth of tobacco seedlings and increased the root/shoot ratio and concentrations and absorptions of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It increased, on the average, the content of chlorophyll by 21.78% and the biomass of tobacco seedlings by 51.2-84.6%%, compared with the control （without the extract addition）.