新疆不同类型冬小麦品种品质性状的生态变异

Variation of Different Types of Grain Quality of Winter Wheat Cultivars under Different Environments in Xinjiang

【目的】明确生态环境对不同类型小麦品种品质性状的影响,为小麦优质育种、优质栽培和品质区划提供依据。【方法】选用新疆3种筋力类型的8个品种,于2006和2007年分别种植在新疆北部5个代表性地点,研究小麦籽粒品质性状的生态变异特点。【结果】所测18个品质性状受基因型、地点及互作效应的影响均达极显著水平。强筋类品种其多数品质性状均较高,但出粉率中等。中强筋类品种在三类品种中出粉率较高,中弱筋类品种多数指标均表现较低。所有品种品质性状在地点间存在较大差异,强筋类品种受环境的变异大于其它两类品种。分析表明强筋类品种主要性状以玛纳斯点表现较高,其次是乌鲁木齐、塔城、奇台,伊宁最低。【结论】初步认为强筋品种在玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、塔城种植品质表现良好,中强筋品种和中弱筋品种适应上述5个区域种植。但研究表现年际间多数品质性状有显著差异,这主要与灌浆期降雨、光照及温度条件有关,因此,同一品种在不同的生态点及不同年份中的表现趋势有所不同,可能对最终的品质区划结果产生影响,这在实际品质生态区划中,应引起高度重视。

[ Objective and Method]The influence of ecological environment on quality characters of different wheat cultivars was researched, which provided the theoretical bases for the high- quality breeding, high -quality cultivating and quality planning. Eight wheat cu]tivars of three kinds of gluten strength from Xinjiang were grown at five locations in the north of Xinjiang for two years to test the grain quality. [ Result] The result showed that the effect of genotypes, euvironments and their interaction on eighteen quality characters all reached remarkable competence. More quality characters of strong gluten wheat were superior to that of others, but flour yield of middle - strong gluten wheat was the highest in three kinds. Mole quality properties of middle - weak gluten wheat were lower. The quality properties of the wheat were remarkable in the difference among different ecological areas, and strong gluten wheat was more apt to be affected by environmental variation respectively. According to the expression of quality charactets of strong gluten wheat in different locations, the order is as follows ： Manas 〉 Unlmqi 〉 Taeheug 〉 Qitai 〉 Ining. [ Conclusion] Therefore it was predicted that in Manasi, Urumqi and Tacheng, strong gluten wheat were suitable to be grown, and middle - strong gluten wheat and middle - weak gluten wheat all could be grown at five locations above. However, the difference of the expression of more quality characters was significant among different years at the same location, which was chiefly related to temperature, sunshine and precipitation. So we should pay more attention to the different variation tendency of the expression of the same wheat cultivar in different locations and years in factual quality planning.