“理想的范本”——狄德罗的理性主义戏剧表演观

"Model of Ideal"——On Diderot's Rationalism Drama Performance View

法国启蒙思想家狄德罗的戏剧表演观从其理性主义的哲学、美学思想出发,提出演员在表演时应冷静理智地将事先塑造好的"理想的范本"扮演出来,使观众信以为真。演员塑造的"理想的范本"高于自然和诗人所塑造的"范本",它虽然是推理、想象出来的虚构形象,却符合人物和现实生活的内在逻辑。优秀的演员在表演之前已经塑造出这样一个"范本",然后在表演中不动感情地扮演这一"范本"。但理性主义戏剧表演观强调艺术的模仿性而忽视情感体验性,唯物却缺乏辩证。

Based on his philosophy and aesthetics of rationalism, French enlightenment ideologist Diderot proposed that in their performance actors should present calmly the ＂model of ideal＂ which had been shaped in advance and made audience believe that it was true. The ＂model of ideal＂ created by actors is superior to the ＂model＂ created by the nature and poets. Though it is an invented image out of deduction and imagination, it conforms to internal logic of personality and real life. Good actors shape such a ＂model＂ before their performance and present the ＂model＂ without showing affection in their later performance. Rationalism notion of drama performance stresses the imitation of art and ignores the experience of feeling. It is material but not dialectic.