加害人不明的建筑物抛掷物责任探究——兼评《侵权责任法草案(二次审议稿)》第83条

Inquiry on the Tort Liability Caused by Throwing Objects from the Building when the Inflicter Is Uncertaine:Comment on the Article 83 of the Secondary Draft of Tort Liability Act

对于加害人不明的建筑物抛掷物责任承担问题各学者是各执一词,在审判实践中,相似的案件不同的判决结果更是让讨论愈演愈烈。在加害人不明的情况下,让可能致害的建筑物使用人承担连带责任,既缺乏充足的法理依据,也会造成实质上的不公,因而是一种不适当的做法。加害人不明的建筑物抛掷物责任,归根结底是一个分散风险与利益平衡的问题,超出了侵权法的调整范畴,对受害人的救济,可通过社会保障和商业保险等立法政策予以调整和实现。

scholars cannot reach assent on the issue of commitment of tort liability caused by throwing objects from the building when the inflicter is uncertaine. Similar cases got diffent decisions in judicial practice has heated the discussion. In the case of unknown inflicter,to make the property users assume liability jointly is lack of legal basis and will result in substantial injustice, so it＇s an inappropriate approach. The tort liability caused by throwing objects from the building when the inflicter is uncertaine is ultimately a problem of how to balance risks and benefits,which is beyond the tort law. So it＇s a better choice to relieve victims through social security and commercial insurance.