论马克思对费尔巴哈人本主义的改造

On Marx's Transformation of Feuerbach's Humanism

马克思与费尔巴哈的关系经历了三个阶段:受到费尔巴哈影响的肯定阶段;同费尔巴哈决裂的否定阶段;继承费尔巴哈思想合理因素的否定之否定阶段。马克思在唯物史观和剩余价值理论的基础上,改造了费尔巴哈的人本主义,创立了马克思主义关于人的学说,也可称为科学人本主义。科学人本主义和历史唯物主义是完全一致的,是马克思主义哲学的两个具有内在联系的、不可分割的方面。坚持这两个方面的统一,在实践中要求我们把经济、社会的发展和人的发展统一起来,坚持以人为本的科学发展观。

Marx＇s relation with Feuerbach experienced three phases.They are the positive phase when Marx was under the influence of Feuerbach,the negative phase when Marx broke away from Feuerbach,and the phase of double negation when Marx accepted the rational elements of Feuerbach＇s ideas.Marx then transformed Feuerbach＇s humanism in the light of Marxist historical materialism and the surplus theory,and established his theory about man,also referred to as scientific humanism.Scientific humanism and historical materialism are consistent with each other.They are two inter-related and inseparable aspects of Marxist philosophy.Therefore,we should stick to the unity of the two and,in practice,combine the economic and social development with human development.We should also adhere to the people-oriented scientific concept of development.