从“身份”到“场所”——属人法连结点的历史与发展

On the Vicissitudes and Development of Connecting Point of Personal Law

属人法连结点的发展大约经历了三个历史阶段:古罗马至19世纪是住所地主义形成时期;19世纪至20世纪中叶是国籍原则与住所地主义的并存时期;20世纪中叶至今是属人法连结点的新发展时期。其中,第二个历史阶段的起点并非是国内学界所公认的1804年《法国民法典》,而应是后来的孟西尼学说。国籍原则衰退后,住所的缺陷也逐渐显现出来。在第三个历史阶段,"惯常居所"替代了住所,成为属人法连结点在当代的新发展。

The connecting point of personal law has gone through three main historical stages: the period from ancient Rome to the 19th century was a specified time of formation of domicile doctrine; the period from the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century was a specified time of coexistence of principle of nationality and domicile doctrine; the period from the middle of the 20th century to now was a specified time of a new development of connecting point of personal law. The starting point of the second historical stage, however, was Mancini's theory rather than 1804 French Civil Code. While the principle of nationality declined, the defects of domicile gradually appeared. In the third historical stage, by substituting domicile, habitual residence has become a new development of connecting point in contemporary.