2008年贵州省流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗强化免疫效果评价

Effectiveness of mass immunization campaign against Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou,2008

目的分析贵州省2008年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)减毒活疫苗强化免疫活动疫情防控效果,为制定下一步防控措施提供依据。方法综合分析强化免疫活动接种成果、调查数据和活动前后的疫情资料。结果贵州省报告实际接种1503052人,报告接种率96.72%,用人口资料估算全省接种率91.82%。2008年全省乙脑发病率0.85/10万,较2007年下降44.08%,各地区、各类县强化免疫目标人群发病率均大幅度下降,下降幅度高于非目标人群。2008年全省各年龄组发病率均较2007年有所下降,仍以8月龄至6岁组发病率最高。安顺市、黔西南州、铜仁地区、毕节地区该组人群发病率高于全省平均水平,且安顺市的发病率较2007年上升111.59%;安顺市、黔西南州7～10岁组发病率高于全省平均水平,且较2007年分别上升117.83%和66.32%。结论此次乙脑疫苗强化免疫效果显著,达到了预期目标。低龄儿童尤其是8月龄至6岁学龄前儿童仍是贵州省乙脑防控工作的重点,应加强安顺市、黔西南州等重点地区的乙脑防控工作。

Objective To determine the effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis （JE） mass immunization campaign in Guizhou in 2008, providing evidence for the development of control strategies. Methods Comprehensive analysis was performed based on the reports and investigation results during mass immunization campaign and epidemic information from the National Diseases Reporting System before and after the launch. Results A total of 1 503 052 children were immunized, the reported immunization coverage being 96.72%, the estimated coverage based on the population data 91.82%. The provincial incidence of JE was 0.85/100 000 in 2008, a decrease of 44.08% compared to that in 2007. Sharp decline in the incidence among target population was observed in various areas and counties to a more significant extent than that in non-target population. The incidence also decreased in each age group in 2008, yet the 8-month to 6-year-old group still had the highest incidence. Above average level of incidence was seen in Anshun, Qianxinan, Tongren and Bijie, and an increase of 111.59% was present in Anshun when compared to that in 2007. The incidence rates of 7 to 10-year-old group in Anshun, Qianxinan were both above the provincial average level, which increased by 117.83% and 66.32% when compared to those in 2007. Conclusion The expected goal of the JE mass immunization campaign had been attained. Younger children, especially those aged 8 months to 6 years in the province, were still the key group for prevention and control of this disease. Importance should be attached to the prevention and control of JE in such key areas as Anshun and Qianxinan.