重金属通过嗅觉神经通路引起脑功能改变及其机制的研究进展

Research Advances on Alteration of Brain Function and Its Mechanism Induced by Heavy Metal Ions through Olfactory Pathway

重金属元素对生物体的毒性和作用机制一直是近年来研究的热点。国内外学者普遍认为,过量的重金属进入体内后,可以引起机体多个器官的损害,如出血性肠胃炎、肝坏死、癌症,甚至导致死亡。重金属进入生物体内的途径很多,如胃肠道吸收、皮肤吸收等。该文综述了重金属通过嗅觉神经通路引起脑功能改变及其机制的研究进展,着重介绍了重金属进入并沉积于脑组织,对神经细胞产生毒性,引起神经细胞的功能紊乱和神经细胞的变性死亡以及引起动物行为学改变。

Most researchers consider that high exposure to heavy metals can result in hemorrhagic gastritis, hepatonecrosis, cancer,even death. There are many routes for heavy metals to get into human body,for instance absorption by gastrointestinal tract, cutaneous absorption etc. In this paper, the author reviewed the recent researches on brain function damage induced by heavy metals via olfactory pathway. Some heavy metals have especial affinity with brain tissue and cause functional disorder and death of nerve cells, and the mechanisms were discussed in detail.