混合与过渡:澳门选举制度的变革及特征分析

Confusion and Transition:the Development of Macao's Election System and Its Characteristics

澳门的选举制度始于1976年《澳门组织章程》,至今已有30余年的历史。自确立以来,选举制度虽时有修订或重订,但核心内容未有重大变动;历次修订,包括回归后的重订,均遵循了渐进与衔接原则,属于非强制性制度变迁。澳门选举制度,在内容特征上,表现出混合型与过渡性色彩。混合性主要地体现在制度容纳了多元代表制及与其相对应的多元议席结构、选民结构与选举方式,而过渡性则表现在制度起源于澳葡时期,包括选举原则、计票公式等均非产自本土,所以,始终面临着如何适应本地需求进行改革与完善问题。

Macao's election system,started from Macao Organization Statute in 1976,has a history of more than 30 years. Since then,its core content has no great change though there are several revisions. Those revisions all follow the progressive and connection principles. The content characteristic of the election system,shows confusion and transition. The former is that,the election system contains plural representative system and multimember districts,voter structure and election ways. The later is that,the election system is originated from Macao's Portuguese government period,electoral formula and vote statistics are not local. Therefore,Macao's election system is always facing the problem of how to reform and complete to suit to the local need.