离子液体作为新型润滑材料的研究进展

Ionic Liquids as Novel Lubricants

离子液体的快速发展产生了许多具有应用价值的新型离子液体。目前,离子液体作为绿色溶剂已广泛应用于合成、催化和分离等许多领域用以替代传统有机溶剂。由于离子液体具有低熔点、低蒸气压、极性可调和安全稳定等诸多特性,可作为一种潜在的高效、通用型润滑剂,已经引起各国科学家的关注。本文从离子液体作为常规润滑剂、添加其他添加剂的离子液体作为润滑剂、离子液体作为常规润滑材料的添加剂以及离子液体在微纳机电系统中的润滑应用等4个方面综述了近几年离子液体在润滑摩擦方面的研究进展,分析和探讨了离子液体润滑剂在摩擦领域存在的问题,提出了离子液体润滑剂在摩擦领域的研究思路并展望了其应用前景。

The rapid growth in ionic liquids research has resulted in the development of a number of new ionic liquids, as well as many associated applications. At present, ionic liquids have been widely used as “green solvents” replacing traditional organic solvents for organic synthesis, catalysis, separation, etc. Ionic liquids have attracted considerable attention as a potential, high performance and versatile lubricants because they have characteristic of low melting point, low vapor pressure, adjustable polarity, safety and stability. This review describes in detail the recent developments of ionic liquids as high performance lubricant additives on the tribology, including pure ionic liquids as conventional lubricants, combination of ionic liquids and other additives as lubricants, ionic liquids as additives in conventional lubricating materials and ionic liquids as lubricants in micro/nanoelectrical mechanical systems. Some current problems of ionic liquids as high performance lubricants are also discussed and analyzed. Finally, the research thought and application outlook of ionic liquids as lubricants on the tribology are prospected.