徐麦856的后期生理特性对其高产性的影响

Effects of Physiological Properties in Later Growth Stage on the High-yield Performance of Xumai856

[目的]为徐淮地区小麦的高产稳产优质高效栽培提供理论依据。[方法]通过测定徐麦856、淮麦20和烟辐188的灌浆速度、单茎根系伤流量、根系重量、叶面积系数和顶2叶功能期天数,分析了生长后期生理特性对小麦高产性能的影响。[结果]徐麦856的平均灌浆速度最大。徐麦856的灌浆期分别比淮麦20和烟辐188延长4和2 d,徐麦856千粒重的年际变异系数较小。地下0～20 cm土壤中徐麦856的单位面积根系重量分别比淮麦20和烟幅188提高了46.7%和24.2%;地下20～40 cm土壤中徐麦856的单位面积根系重量分别提高了65.5%和13.3%。灌浆中后期徐麦856的平均单茎根系伤流量分别比淮麦20和烟辐188提高了31.9%和20.1%。徐麦856旗叶和倒2叶的平均功能期天数分别比淮麦20和烟辐188延长5和3 d。[结论]徐麦856的高产性能取决于其灌浆速度快、灌浆期长的生理特性。

[Objective] The aim was to supply theoretical basis for high-and stable-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of wheat in Xuhuai district.[Method] The effects of physiological properties in later growth stage on the high-yield performance of wheat were analyzed by determining the filling speeds,root bleaching amounts per stem,root weights,leaf area coefficients and functional days of the 2 top leaves of Xumai856,Huaimai20 and Yanfu188.[Result] The average filling speed of Xumai856 was highest.Compared with Huaimai20 and Yanfu188,the filling stage of Xumai856 was extended for 4 and 2 d and the inter-annual variation coefficient of its 1 000-seed weight was less;its root weight per unit area in underground 0-20 cm soil was enhanced by 46.7% and 24.2% resp.and that in underground 20~40 cm soil was enhanced by 65.5% and 13.3% resp.;its average root bleaching amount per stem in middle and late filling stage was enhanced by 31.9% and 20.1% resp.;its average functional days of flag and second leaf were extended for 5 and 3 d resp.[Conclusion] The high-yield performance of Xumai856 was dependent on its physiological properties of fast filling speed and long filling stage.