油菜氮磷钾肥效应研究

Research of N,P,K Fertilizer Effect on Rape

[目的]确定安徽省贵池地区油菜氮磷钾肥平衡施用的适宜用量范围。[方法]试验设CK、OPT-N、OPT-P、OPT-K、农民习惯Farm-erPr.6个处理。油菜成熟时每小区随机抽取6株植株考种,测定株高、一级分枝高、一级分枝数、单株角数、每角粒数、千粒重和每小区产量。[结果]在氮、钾、硼肥平衡施用下可以显著提高油菜的生物性状。施用氮肥能明显增加油菜角果总数和提高油菜籽粒产量,同时可以显著提高籽粒和茎秆比值;施用磷肥可以显著提高单株一级分枝数、单株二级分枝数,同时显著提高籽粒产量,明显提高籽粒/茎秆比值;施用钾肥可以显著增加单株角果数,提高产量,同时提高籽粒/茎秆的比值;相比当地农民习惯施肥可以显著提高单株角果数量,显著增加产量,同时提高籽粒和茎秆比值。[结论]施用氮肥180 kg/hm2,磷肥90 kg/hm2,钾肥120 kg/hm2,硼肥用量15 kg/hm2时可以达到产量效益最大化。

[Objective] The aim was to determine the suitable amount range of N,P,K fertilizer balanced application on rape in Guichi in Anhui Province.[Method] 6 treatments of CK,OPT-N,OPT-P,OPT-K,FarmerPr were set up in the test.When the rape was matured,6 plants were randomly selected in each plot for inspecting the biological traits of rape.The plant height,first branch height,first branch number,pod number per plant,grains per pot,1 000-grain weight and yield in each plot were measured.[Result] The biological characteristics of rape was obviously improved under N,P,K fertilizer balanced application.Nitrogen application could obviously increase the total pods of rape and improve the grain yield of rape,and the radio of grain and stem were obviously improved at the same time.The phosphate application could obviously improve first branch number per plant and second branch number per plant,the grain yield was also improved and the radio of grain and stem were obviously improved.The potassium fertilizer could obviously increase the pod number per plant and improved the yield,the radio of grain and stem were also improved.Compared with the treatment of local FarmerPr.,the rational proportion of N,P,K fertilizers could obviously improve the pod number per plant and increase the yield,the radio of grain and stem were improved at the same time.[Conclusion] The rape yield could reached the maximum when the nitrogen fertilizer at 180 kg/hm2,phosphate fertilizer at 90 kg/hm2,potassium fertilizer at 120 kg/hm2 and boron fertilizer at 15 kg/hm2.was applied on the rape per hectare.