紫茎泽兰种子质量特征研究

Study on the Seed Quality Characteristics of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng

[目的]分析紫茎泽兰种子特性与寿命。[方法]收集生长于桐林地、荒山、路旁、弃耕地和退耕还林地5种生境的多年生紫茎泽兰种子,测定不同生境种子的结实量、种子发芽率、发芽势、千粒重和含水量等,分析紫茎泽兰种子寿命。[结果]紫茎泽兰单株花蕾数最高为334朵,最低为34朵,平均为131朵;单花蕾种子量平均为56粒,单株产籽量可达7 336粒;紫茎泽兰平均千粒重为0.084 2 g,平均含水率为55.26%;紫茎泽兰种子放置444 d后发芽率为22.00%,这段时间内平均发芽率为39.30%,种子放置510 d后发芽率为5.80%,明显低于正常发芽时发芽率的50.00%。说明种子寿命达510 d;紫茎泽兰种子置床后第4天开始发芽,到第6～7天达到发芽高峰期,发芽势为10.00%～25.00%。[结论]紫茎泽兰种子为长寿命种子,并有一个短暂的休眠期。

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the character and life-span of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng seed.[Method] The perennial E.adenophorum seeds grown in 5 habitats of candlenut forestlands,barren hills,roadside,abandoned farmlands,returned farmlands were collected so as to measure the fruit bearing amount,seed germination rate,seed germination energy,1 000-grain weight,water content etc.of the seeds grown in different habitats and analyze the life-span of E.adenophorum seed.[Result] The highest bud number per plant of E.adenophorum was 334,the lowest one was 34 and the average was 131;the average seed number of each bud was 56 and the seed yield of each plant was up to 7 336;the average 1 000-grain weight of E.adenophorum was 0.084 2 g and the average water content was 55.26%;the germination rate of E.adenophorum seeds was 22.00% when laid for 444 d,the average germination rate was 39.30% during this time;the germination rate of seeds was 5.80% placed for 510 d,which was 50.00% obviously lower than that in normal germination,showing that the life-span of the seeds reached 510 d;the E.adenophorum seed began to germinate at 4th d after setting in the seedling bed,being up to the germination peak period at 6th～7th d and the germination energy was 10.00%-25.00%.[Conclusion] The seed of E.adenophorum was the life-span seed and had a short hibernation period.