对玉米茎基腐病菌有拮抗活性木霉菌株的筛选

Screening of Trichoderma spp.Strains with Antagonistic Activity on Fusarium graminearum

[目的]筛选出对玉米茎基腐病菌具有较强生物防治活性的木霉菌株。[方法]采用对峙培养法,通过抗生能力测定筛选出了对玉米茎基腐病菌有拮抗活性的木霉菌株。[结果]木霉菌株A1JY-1、A1JY-2和A1JY-3的生长速度比玉米茎基腐病菌高。A1JY-1、A1JY-2与玉米茎基腐病菌接触后玉米茎基腐病菌生长被抑制;A1JY-3与玉米茎基腐病菌接触后相互抑制,2个菌落半径均减小。A1JY-4对玉米茎基腐病菌无抑制作用。A1JY-1和A1JY-2的抑菌率高于50.0%,A1JY-3和A1JY-4的抑菌率低于50.0%。A1JY-4、A1JY-3、A1JY-2、A1JY-1的抑菌率分别为11.0%、41.0%、52.7%和54.0%,A1JY-1对玉米茎基腐的抑制率最高。A1JY-1对病菌的抑制能力比A1JY-2强。A1JY-1抗菌素原液的抑菌程度随抗菌素原液在平板中体积分数的增高而增强。经鉴定,A1JY-1为拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai)。[结论]A1JY-1可以作为玉米茎基腐病菌的生防菌予以开发与利用。

[Objective] The purpose was to screen out Trichoderma spp.strains with stronger biological control activity on Fusarium graminearum.[Method] By using opposing culture method,the Trichoderma spp.strains with antagonistic activity on F.graminearum were screened out through deter mining their anti-microbe capabilities.[Result]The growth speeds of Trichoderma spp.strains A1JY-1,A1JY-2 and A1JY-3 were higher than that of F.graminearum.Since A1JY-1 and A1JY-2 and F.graminearum touched each other,the growth of F.graminearum was inhibited.Since A1JY-3 and F.graminearum touched each other,both of their growths were inhibited and their colony diameters were reduced.A1JY-4 had no inhibitory effect on F.graminearum.The pathogenic inhibitory rates of A1JY-1 and A1JY-2 were higher than 50.0% and that of A1JY-3 and A1JY-4 were lower than 50.0%.The pathogenic inhibitory rates of A1JY-4,A1JY-3,A1JY-2 and A1JY-1 were 11.0%,41.0%,52.7% and 54.0% resp.and that of A1JY-1 on F.graminearum was highest.The inhibitory capability of A1JY-1 on the pathogen was stronger than that of A1JY-2.The pathogenic inhibitory degree of stock solution of antibiotic A1JY-1 was enhanced along with the increase of its volume fraction in plates.A1JY-1 was identified to be Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai.[Conclusion] A1JY-1 could be developed and utilized as biological control fungus for F.graminearum.