基于GIS的淮河流域洪水灾害综合风险评价

Huaihe River Valley Flood Risk Assessment Based on GIS

基于洪水灾害风险评估基本原理,从洪水致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境稳定性及承灾体易损性出发,选取降雨、径流量、河网密度、地形、人口、经济指标等数据,利用标准化方法对各影响因子进行标准化处理,运用层次分析法确定指标因子权重,采用地理信息系统的地图代数功能及信息量统计法,得出洪水灾害综合风险等级图。结果表明:危险性等级高值区主要分布在淮河流域中西部及部分东部、东北部地区;而在北部及西北部地区,相对风险较低,为中低风险性地区。

Based on the basic principle of flood risk assessment,according to the flood disaster factors,such as the fatalness of inducing factors,the stability of hazard inducing environment and the vulnerability of hazard bearing body,the study selected rainfall,runoff,rivers,topography,population,economic and some other indicators to receive the flood disaster risk by using the weight of indicators by means of AHP after obtaining the impact factors through standardized methods.Eventually,the study drew the flood disaster risk rating evaluation plans by way of the GIS map algebra functions and information statistics methods.The results demonstrated that the dangerous levels of high-value areas are mainly distributed in mid-west,partial eastern and northeast regions of Huaihe River basin,while,the relative low risk areas are mostly located in the north and northwest regions.