资源消耗农业的可持续经营——日本有机农业发展对中国的借鉴

Sustainable Management of Resource Consumption Agriculture——Enlightenment from Organic Agriculture of Japan

在界定有机农业内涵的基础上,从4个方面分析了日本农业可持续经营的做法。一是介绍日本有机农业的组织管理机构及相关法律法规;二是简述日本有机农产品的认证程序,即确定生产计划,整理栽培管理记录,制作向登记认证机构提交的认证申请书,实地检查与判定,给予认证,完成认证后的业务;三是分析日本有机农业的经营情况,归纳了日本有机农产品流通的6种主要形式,总结了农产品流通与消费的4个基本特征,即注重食品的安全性、鼓励销售宅配化、推行订单产销、加强产销沟通交流;四是介绍日本有机农业的运行机制,重点介绍了其生产者-消费者"提携"系统。在考察日本与中国国情差异的基础上,从3个方面提出了日本有机农业发展经验对中国的启示,包括转变思想与观念、建立网状的有机农业协会、完善有机农产品管理制度等。

Based on the content of organic agriculture,sustainable management of agriculture in Japan is analyzed from four aspects.Firstly,organization and management institutions and relevant laws and regulations of organic agriculture in Japan are introduced.Secondly,certification procedure of organic agricultural products is briefly described,that is,determining production plan,reorganizing cultivation and management records,making certification application,on-site inspection,offering certification,and professional work after certification.Thirdly,management of organic agriculture in Japan is analyzed;and the six principal forms of organic agriculture in Japan are summarized.The four basic characteristics of agricultural product circulation and consumption are summed up,which are paying attention to food safety,encouraging residence allocation and dispatch,promoting order production and marketing,and strengthening the communication between production and marketing.Fourthly,operation mechanism of organic agriculture in Japan is introduced,especially the Producer-Consumer Tie-up System.According to the investigation on the national differences between China and Japan,enlightenment of organic agriculture to China is put forward,including the change of ideas and concepts,the establishment of network organic agricultural association,and the improvement of management system for organic agricultural products.