中国林业碳汇交易法律制度的构建

Construction of the Legal System of Forestry Carbon Sequestration Transaction

介绍了我国林业碳汇交易的法律性质,即林业碳汇交易是一种要式、诺成、有偿、双务、继续性法律行为,遵循了意思自治原则,具有合同的性质。分析了对林业碳汇交易进行法律规制的必要性:一是制定和使用合同示范文本的需要;二是确立林业碳汇交易主体权责分配的需要;三是为环境保护其他领域提供参考的需要;四是发展林业碳汇志愿市场的需要。基于此,从9个方面探讨了我国林业碳汇交易法律制度的构建,即确定林业碳汇交易法律关系的主体、客体、交易第三方,确定林业碳汇交易法律行为的具体生效要件、交易价格、交易的3种履行方式、交易的违约责任承担方式和交易纠纷解决途径,明确各主体之间的利益分配。

Legal nature of forestry carbon sequestration transaction in China is introduced.Forestry carbon sequestration transaction is a kind of formal,consensual,bilateral,compensatory and continuous legal behavior following the principle of autonomy and having the nature of contract.Legal regulation of forestry carbon sequestration transaction is necessary for making and using demonstration text of contract,distributing the subject right and responsibility of forestry carbon sequestration transaction,offering references for environmental protection and other fields,and developing the voluntary market of forestry carbon sequestration.Based on this,construction of legal system of forestry carbon sequestration transaction is discussed from nine aspects,such as determining the subject,object and the third party in legal relationship of forestry carbon sequestration transaction,making clear the benefit distribution of subjects,and determining the effective element of legal behavior,the transaction price,the performing modes of transaction,the benefit distribution of subjects,the mode of bearing legal responsibility,and the trade dispute settlement means.